Technical
Language Units
Appendix A: mOngulu
| English |
Oshikwanyama |
| Chalkboard |
Oshipelende |
| Chalk |
Omya |
| Pen |
Opena |
| Pencil |
Opena yekala |
| Paper |
Ombapila |
| Book |
Embo |
| Exam |
Ekonaakono |
| Report / Certificate |
Odjapo |
| Workshop |
Oshihongiilonga / Owekshopa |
| Science (esp. Physical Science) |
Ounongononi |
| Mathematics |
Omwaalu |
| English |
Oshiinglisa |
| Afrikaans |
Oshimbulu |
| German |
Oshindowishi |
| Portuguese |
Oshiputu |
| Spanish |
Oshispania |
| Computers |
Eekompiuta |
| Principal |
Omukulunhufikola |
| Secretary |
Hamushanga |
| Grade |
Ondodo |
| Bag |
Ondjato |
| Learners |
Ovalongwa / Ovanafikola |
| Calculator |
Okashina |
| Electricity |
Olusheno |
| School Fund |
Oshikefa shofikola |
| |
|
| Prepare |
Lilongekida |
| Invigilate / Proctor |
Kalela |
| Sit down |
Kala omutumba |
| Mark |
Talela |
| Stand up |
Fikama |
| Be quiet |
Mwena |
| Speak louder |
Popya mokule / muule |
| Speak softer |
Popya kashona / pedu |
| Read aloud |
Lesha mokule |
| Be late |
Laata |
| You are correct |
Ou li mondjila |
| You are not correct |
Ku li mondjila / Owa puka |
| Put that axe down |
Tula ekuva pedu |
Appendix B: nOvakalimo
| Oshikwanyama |
English |
| Volunteer |
Omuliyambi |
| Trainer |
Omudeuli |
| Community |
Ovanhu vomomukunda / Ovakalimo |
| Development |
Ehumokomesho |
| Observe |
Talela |
| Project |
Opoloyeka |
| Work (noun) |
Oilonga |
| Meeting |
Oshihongi |
| Parents’ meeting |
Oshihongi shovadali |
| School Board |
Etonatelofikola |
| Clinic |
Okapangelo / Okilinika |
| Headman |
Omwene womukunda |
| Fundraising |
Ekongo loimaliwa |
| Chairperson |
Omunashipundi |
| Treasurer |
Omudiinini woiniwe |
| Vote |
Hoolola |
| |
|
| We came to this meeting to ... |
Otwe ya poshihongi eshi sho ... |
| Thank you for the opportunity ... |
Tangi kompito ... |
| Where can we get ... ? |
Openi hatu dulu okumona ... ? |
| Is there someone who can give us ...? |
Opu na omunhu umwe ta dulu oku tu pa ... ? |
| What does this community need? |
Ovanhu vomomukunda ova pumbwa shike? |
| |
|
| Opens at .... |
Otashi patulula po .... |
| Closes at .... |
Otashi pata po .... |
| I train teachers. |
Ohandi deula ovalongi. |
| I am an HIV counsellor. |
Ame omuhungimwenyo wo HIV. |
Eshiivo loshongalele:
(Modify this letter for your own purposes.)
Omufimanekwa ............................ ,
Oto indilwa nefimaneko opo u uye koshingalele sho..........
Oshongalele otashi ningwa mo .......... potundi ........... Ohatu ka
popya kombinga yo ................ . Weni, ......................................
(Invitation to a meeting for the election of the school board:
Dear......, You are respectfully invited to come to a meeting of.......
The meeting will take place on ..(date)... at ...(time)... We are going
to talk about......... Yours faithfully,)
Appendix C: Efe nge!
Some useful expressions for women dealing with unwanted suitors:
| English |
Oshikwanyama |
| I don’t want you. (works well and gets a laugh from all) |
Inandi hala. / Inandi ku hala. |
| Let go of me. / Leave me alone. |
Efe nge! |
| He is bothering me. |
Ota hepeke nge. |
| I am already married. |
Onda hombolwa nale. |
| I already have a man; I don’t want |
Ondi na omusamane nale; inandi hala |
| two. |
vavali. |
Quick Tips
• It is usually best not to insult. Inandi hala is strong enough, and doesn’t
make people angry or defensive of their pride.
• An effective approach is to say aaye to everything and suck your teeth
(’tsk) to show your disgust.
• If he asks, Omusamane woye oku li peni? (Where is your husband?), just
say, kEumbo. (At home.)
Appendix D: Grammar Reference
| Person |
Subject Concords |
|
|
| English |
Kwanyama |
|
Pas
tActive
|
Present
Active
|
Future
Active
|
Present
Stative
|
Present
Habitual
|
Possess. Suffix |
Object Pronoun |
| I |
Ame |
+ |
Onda |
Ohandi |
Ohandi ka |
Ondi |
Ohandi |
-ange |
nge |
| |
|
- |
Inandi |
Itandi |
Itandi ka |
Kandi |
Ihandi |
| You |
Ove |
+ |
Owa |
Oto |
Oto ka |
Ou |
Oho |
-oye |
ku |
| |
|
- |
Ino |
Ito |
Ito ka |
Ku |
Iho |
| He/She/ It |
Ye |
+ |
Okwa |
Ota |
Ota ka |
Oku |
Oha |
-aye |
mu |
| |
|
- |
Ina |
Ita |
Ita ka |
Ke |
Iha |
| We |
Fye |
+ |
Otwa |
Ohatu |
Ohatu ka |
Otu |
Ohatu |
-etu |
tu |
| |
|
- |
Inatu |
Itatu |
Itatu ka |
Katu |
Ihatu |
| You all |
Nye |
+ |
Omwa |
Otamu |
Otamu ka |
Omu |
Ohamu |
-eni |
mu |
| |
|
- |
Inamu |
Itamu |
Itamu ka |
Kamu |
Ihamu |
| They |
Vo |
+ |
Ova |
Otava |
Otava ka |
Ove |
Ohava |
-avo |
va |
| |
|
- |
Inava |
Itava |
Itava ka |
Kave |
Ihava |
| Noun Class |
Singular Prefix |
Plural Prefix |
Number |
Numerical Suffix |
Normal Number |
Some stative verbs: |
| 1 |
omu- |
ova- |
1 |
-mwe |
imwe |
hole |
like/love |
| 1a |
(none) |
oo- |
2 |
-vali |
mbali |
|
|
| 2 |
omu- |
omi- |
3 |
-tatu |
nhatu |
na |
have |
| 3 |
e- |
oma- |
4 |
-ne |
nhee |
|
|
| 4 |
oshi- |
oi- |
5 |
-tano |
nhano |
udite |
feel |
| 5 |
o- |
ee- |
6 |
-hamano |
hamano |
|
|
| 6 |
olu- |
omalu- |
7 |
-heyali |
heyali |
udite ko |
hear/understand |
| 7 |
oka- |
ou- |
8 |
-hetatu |
hetatu |
|
|
| 8 |
ou- |
omau- |
9 |
none |
omuwoi |
wete |
see |
| 9 |
oku- |
omaku- |
10 |
none |
omulongo |
shi |
know |
| |
|
|
|
Subject Concord |
|
| Noun Prefix |
Possessive Prefix |
Numerical Prefix |
Adjective Prefix |
Present Active |
Present Stative |
Object Pronoun |
| omu- (things) |
w- |
u- |
u- |
otau |
ou |
u |
| omi- |
d- |
- (i-) |
di- |
otadi |
odi |
di |
| e- |
l- |
li- |
li- |
otali |
oli |
li |
| oma- |
- |
a- |
ma- |
otaa |
oku |
a |
| oshi- |
sh- |
shi- |
shi- |
otashi |
oshi |
shi |
| oi- |
y- |
i- |
i- |
otai |
oi |
i |
| olu- |
l- |
li-/ lu- |
li-/ lu- |
otali /otalu |
oli / olu |
lu |
| oka- |
k- |
ka- |
ka- |
otaka |
oke |
ka |
| ou- (plural) |
v- |
va- |
va- |
otava |
ove |
va |
| ou- (singular) |
w- |
u- |
u- |
otau |
ou |
u |
| oku- |
kw- |
ku- |
ku- |
otaku |
oku |
ku |
| o- |
y- |
- |
i- |
otai |
oi |
i |
| ee- |
d- |
- |
di- |
otadi |
odi |
di |
| ku |
- |
- |
- |
otaku |
oku |
ko |
| mu |
- |
- |
- |
otamu |
omu |
mo |
| pu |
- |
- |
- |
otapu |
opu |
po |
|
